Genetic mutations

Some genetic conditions that can cause or include syndromic craniosynostosis are:

-Antley-Bixler is a rare condition that affects the skull and bones in the face.

-Apert syndrome causes premature fusing of the bones in the skull (craniosynostosis), as well as in the fingers and toes.

-Carpenter syndrome causes changes in the formation of the skull, fingers, and toes. 

-Crouzon syndrome affects the bones, muscles, joints, and cartilage. It often leads to the premature fusing of several sutures in the skull.

-Frontonasal dysplasia is a rare disorder that leads to abnormal development of the head and face, including wide-set eyes, a flat nose, and a groove down the middle of the face.